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Glossary
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| A |
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A/V - Audio visual, or audio video.
@teqgear
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AC - Alternating Current. Flow Electron
changes direction periodically or alternately. @teqgear
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Adapter - A device used to match the
electrical characteristics of two different devices so that a connection
between them can be made, such as 110/220 VAC to 12 VDC adapter used for our
Wireless XGA DVI Video Receivers. @teqgear
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Amp - Ampere. The ampere (Symbol : A) is the
SI (International System of Units) base unit of electric current. One ampere of
current (I) is equal to a flow of one coulomb of charge (Q) per second of time
(t) @teqgear
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Amplifier - An electronic device for
increasing the power of a signal. @teqgear
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ASCII - ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange). ASCII is a seven-bit code with one additional eighth
bit commonly used as a parity bit for error checking on communication lines.
Meaning seven binary digits (a range of 0 to 127 decimal) are used to
interchange the character information between communication equipment.
@teqgear
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Asynchronous - Asynchronous — Intermittent,
not synchronized or continuous. A type of communication that allows the parties
at each end to talk when they like, instead of at a prescribed time. Used in
videoconferencing. @teqgear
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Attenuation - Attenuation is the reduction in
amplitude and intensity of a signal with respect to distance traveled through a
medium. Attenuation is usually measured in units of decibels (dB).
@teqgear
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Audio - A signal that carries information in
the audible frequency range, typically 20 Hz to 20 kHz. @teqgear
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Audio frequency - The Audio frequency range
within human hearing is approximately 20Hz at the low end to a high of 20kHz.
@teqgear
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AWG - American Wire Gauge. A U.S. measurement
standard of the diameter of non-ferrous wire, which includes copper and
aluminum. @teqgear
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B
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Balanced audio - Balanced audio connections
are used in very long cable runs and reduce the introduction of unwanted noise.
The audio signal is transmitted on three wires (or five wires for stereo pair),
with two of them carrying the same signal but with opposite phase, and a third
used for grounding. @teqgear
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Bandwidth - The transmission capacity of an
electronic pathway or an equipment such as a communications line or a video
line. In a digital line, it is measured in bits per second or bytes per second.
In an analog channel or in a digital channel that is wrapped in a carrier
frequency, bandwidth is the difference between the highest and lowest
frequencies and is measured in Hertz (kHz, MHz, GHz). The wider the bandwidth,
the better the performance. @teqgear
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Baud - A unit of speed in data transmission
equal to one bit per second (bps). In RS-232 communication, the baud rate of
the transmitting and receiving devices must be configured identically. Typical
baud rates are from 2400 to 11200, where in an AV application 9600 or 19200 is
common. @teqgear
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Bidirectional - The ability of device to
move, transfer or transmit signal in both directions. RS-232 communications are
bidirectional because the devices at either end can transmit and receive.
@teqgear
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Binary - A numbering system using base-2.
Each digit is represented by a 1 (on) or a 0 (off). @teqgear
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Binary code - A code in which each allowable
position has one of two possible states, commonly 0 and 1. the binary number
system is one of many binary codes. @teqgear
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Bit - "Binary Digit" (0 or 1) : A bit is the
smallest unit of information in a computer. Binary digits are almost always
used as the basic unit of information storage and communication in digital
computing and digital information theory. @teqgear
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BNC - Bayonet Nut Coupling . A commonly used
plug and socket for audio, video and networking applications that provides a
tight and secure connection. BNCs are used to connect a variety of different
coaxial cable types including RGBHV and Composite Video. @teqgear
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Breakaway - The ability to separate audio and
video signals for switching independently. For example, the audio and video
signals from one source may break away and be switched to two different
destinations. This is the opposite of the term "audio follow."
@teqgear
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C
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| CAD - Computer Aided Design. CAD is used throughout the
engineering process from conceptual design and layout, through detailed
engineering and analysis of components, to definition of manufacturing methods.
@teqgear
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Captive screw connector - A connector that
provides connections for balanced or unbalanced line level stereo audio, as
well as some communications signals like RS-232 or RS-485. It also known as
Phoenix connector or terminal block, @teqgear
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CAT 5 - Category 5 cable with TIA/EIA
standards, unshielded twisted pair type cable often used in computer
networking. Also known as UTP or Twisted Pair cable. @teqgear
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Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) - The cathode ray tube
or CRT is the display device that was long used in most computer displays,
video monitors, televisions, radar displays and oscilloscopes.
@teqgear
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Channel - Channel refers to the medium used
to convey information from a sender (or transmitter) to a receiver.
@teqgear
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CMRR - Common Mode Rejection Ratio : a
measure of the capability of an instrument (amlifier &/or switcher) to
reject a signal that is common to both input leads. @teqgear
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Coaxial cable - Coaxial cable is an
electrical cable consisting of a round conducting wire, surrounded by an
insulating spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath, usually
surrounded by a final insulating layer. It is used as a high-frequency
transmission line to carry a high-frequency or broadband signals. In AV
application typical coaxial cables are single or 5-coxial cables known as RG59,
RG6, RG174, RGBHV cable and so forth. @teqgear
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Component video - A type of analog video
information that is transmitted or stored as two or more separate signals.
Component video can be contrasted with composite video (such as NTSC or PAL) in
which all the video information is combined into a single signal such as a TV
broadcast. Both three-channel systems, RGB and Y, R-Y, B-Y, (yPbPr) are
component video signals. Higher quality program production is possible if the
elements are assembled in the component domain. @teqgear
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Composite video - The format of an analog
television (picture only) signal before it is combined with a sound signal and
modulated onto an RF carrier. It is usually in a standard format such as NTSC,
PAL, or SECAM. It is a composite of three source signals called Y, U and V
(together referred to as YUV) with sync pulses. Y represents the brightness or
luminance of the picture, U and V between them carry the colour information.
@teqgear
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Crosstalk - Is often distinguishable as
pieces of speech or signaling tones leaking from connections. If the connection
is analog, twisted pair cabling can often be used to reduce the effects of
crosstalk. Alternatively, the signals can be converted to digital form, which
is much less susceptible to crosstalk. Crosstalk is caused by magnetic
induction or capacitive coupling, and can occur with improper cable shielding.
@teqgear
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Current - Current is the flow of electric
charge. The SI unit of electric current is the ampere (A) or milliamps (mA). It
is typically printed next to the voltage rating on the equipment or power
adapter. @teqgear
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D
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DA - Distribution amplifier. A signal
distributor (a single input to many outputs) with the function of line driving.
It can effectively resolve the signal loss of computer graphic signals as well
as Audio signals caused by long distance transition. @teqgear
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Data - Factual information, especially
information organized for analysis or used to reason or make decisions.
@teqgear
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dB (Decibel) - Widely used in measurements of
the loudness of sound. It is one tenth of a Bel. Describes a logarithmic ratio
of two powers, voltages, or currents in terms of losses or gains.
@teqgear
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DC - Direct Current. The flow of electrons in
one direction. @teqgear
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DC offset - The change in input voltage
required to produce a zero output voltage when no signal is applied to an
amplifier. @teqgear
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Differential gain - Unwanted variations in a
video signal's chrominance subcarrier's amplitude that result from changes in
the signal's DC level, usually specified between 10% and 90% of full scale.
Expressed in a percentage, or a fraction of a percentage. @teqgear
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Differential phase - Unwanted deviations in a
subcarrier's phase due to changes in the chrominance signal's DC level, usually
specified between 10% and 90% of full scale. Expressed in degrees (angular).
@teqgear
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Digital - A system of data or image values in
the form of discrete, noncontinuous codes, such as binary. When data is in
a digital format, it can be processed, stored (recorded), and reproduced easily
while maintaining its original integrity. @teqgear
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Digital signal - An electronic technology
where a signal only has two states: off and on, most often called zero and one.
In contrast, analog refers to a signal that can have a continuous range of
values. @teqgear
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Display device - An output device for
presenting Video information. CRT, LED, LCD panel, & plasma TV are most
useful for presenting video images. @teqgear
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Distortion - Additional signal components not
in the original signal due to non-linearities in the system or the transmission
path. Expressed in ratio or dB relative to the amplitude of the test signal.
@teqgear
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DMM - Digital Multi-meter. A test and
measurement device for voltage, amperage, resistance, and other common
electrical and electronic measurement needs. @teqgear
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DVD - Digital video disc or digital versatile
disc. A high-capacity optical storage unit similar to a CD-ROM, but with a
significantly higher storage capacity (up to 15.9 GB). DVDs are used for
movies, software, and music. Most DVD players are also capable of reading
CD-ROM. @teqgear
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DVI - Digital Visual Interface: A standard
interface to a digital display system. DVI sockets are found on some flat panel
monitors and TVs, DVD players, data projectors and cable TV boxes. DVI supports
High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection, which enforces digital rights
management. @teqgear
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DVI-D - DVI connector that supports digital
signals only. @teqgear
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DVI-I - The DVI-Integrated (DVI-I) socket on
the monitor accommodates both signals. It can accept an analog VGA signal from
the computer using a DVD-A plug or a digital DVI signal using a DVD-D plug.
@teqgear
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